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LEAD GUITARS

Reminder: we are working on the song Life, an original composition:


(mp3 file)

Life features two lead guitars playing the same part. However, I recorded both guitar tracks from start to finish; I didn't just copy and paste them. The first guitar is panned to the left and the other to the right. Both guitars were recorded with a Fender Stratocaster plugged directly into an M-Audio AudioBuddy preamp, which was connected to an Edirol FA-101 audio interface. I didn't use a real guitar amp recorded with microphones. Everything was done using amp and cabinet simulation plugins along with various effect plugins.

Here is the complete list of plugins used for the first lead guitar:
* Rea-Gate by Cockos, a free noise gate
* X50 by TSE Audio, a free guitar amp simulator
* LeCab 2 by Poulin, a free IR loader for my cabinet impulses
* EnglPro cabinet impulses from the RedWirez BigBox paid collection ($9 USD per cabinet, with bulk discounts)
* TrackPlug by Wave Arts, a parametric equalizer

Here is the complete list of plugins used for the second lead guitar:
* 808 by TSE Audio, an overdrive pedal simulation
* Harmony by Simple VST, a free guitar amp simulator
* LeCab 2 by Poulin, a free IR loader for my cabinet impulses
* Peavey 5150 cabinet impulses from the RedWirez BigBox paid collection ($9 USD per cabinet, with bulk discounts)
* Rea-Gate by Cockos, a free noise gate
* TrackPlug by Wave Arts, a parametric equalizer

And finally, the plugins applied to the bus where the sounds of the two guitars (previously processed separately) meet:
* FinalPlug by Wave Arts, a limiter
* WizooVerb by Wizoo, a software reverb that has been out of production for several years.

For the paid plugins, I will suggest free alternatives that can be used instead.

Lead Guitar 1 Track - Lead Guitar 2 Track - Lead Guitar Bus

We will now take a detailed look at how the plugins are configured on the tracks and the bus for both guitars.

Mixing in practice : Preparing the session | Bass | Drums | Rhythm guitars | Lead guitars | Synths | Vocals | Mastering
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LEAD GUITAR 1

Raw Sound - Noise Gate - Amp Head Simulator - Cabinet Simulator - Equalization

Mono audio track
Panning: 20% left. Lead guitar 2 will be placed symmetrically on the right. Since the sounds of the two lead guitars are different, they will complement each other without blurring in the center, thus freeing up the central space for the bass, vocals, kick, and snare, while the far left and right are reserved for rhythm guitars, cymbals, and two synths.
Volume: 0 dB
The plugins used are chained in this order: noise gate, amp head simulator, cabinet simulator, parametric equalizer.

Lead Guitar 1 Raw Sound

Here is the sound of lead guitar 1 before applying any processing


(mp3 file)

Note that the raw guitar sound is completely masked during the song. I'm including it here to let you hear guitar 1 exactly as it was recorded. A raw guitar sound is interesting in the case of an acoustic guitar recorded with one or more microphones placed in front of it, but the raw sound of an electric guitar isn't particularly useful on its own.

Noise Gate

I use this plugin to remove the background hiss of the electric guitar when its volume drops below a certain threshold. The threshold here is -60 dB. If the volume of the lead guitar 1 audio track falls below this threshold, the sound is cut. This plugin is useful because the settings used by the amp simulator chosen for this guitar generate a significant amount of hiss that becomes too audible when no notes are being played. Here are the settings used with the Rea Gate plugin by Cockos:

Rea Gate Plugin
Rea Gate Plugin

Amp Head Simulator

Here is the sound of lead guitar 1 going through an amp head simulator


(mp3 file)

As with real hardware, this sound isn't enough on its own; we'll need to run the signal through a cabinet.

For Lead Guitar 1, I chose the X50 plugin from TSE Audio, one of the best free tube amp simulators. It is available for download here.

Here are the settings used with the TSE Audio X50 plugin (see screenshot below). To complete the sound of this amp simulator, a cabinet simulator still needs to be added.
X50 Plugin
X50 Plugin
X50 Plugin
X50 Plugin

Cabinet Simulator

Here is the sound of lead guitar 1 passing through saturation, an amp head simulator, and a cabinet


(mp3 file)

This sound could stand on its own, but it's very dry. We still need to add a bit of reverb.

As with real hardware, we now need to connect the amp head (simulated by the X50 plugin) to a cabinet. We'll use the free LeCab 2 plugin by Poulin, into which we'll load impulses. Impulses are "sonic fingerprints" of real cabinets. LeCab 2 allows you to load up to 6 impulses simultaneously. I only used 2 impulses for lead guitar 1, so the screenshot below only shows 2 of the 6 available slots. If you want to download free impulses, you can find some on this page of my site, a bit unorganized... feel free to browse for the ones you need or find others on the web.

Here are the settings used with the Poulin LeCab 2 plugin:

- I used RedWirez impulses, a high-quality paid collection. Specifically, I used impulses from an EnglPro cabinet equipped with Celestion V30 speakers (the real model costs around €1,000 and weighs over 50 kg!).

- First impulse:

- I chose an impulse taken at the speaker's cap edge with a Royer R-121 mic placed 4" from the grill.

- "Phase": Norm (normal). You can choose normal or inverted phase. This helps eliminate phase issues between different impulses, or when combined with "delay," can produce special effects based on the interaction between impulses.

- "Delay": 0 ms. This knob delays the playback of the sound using this impulse (between 0 and 4.6 ms). I don't need it here, so I left it at 0 ms.

- "HighPass": 128 Hz. I set this parameter to attenuate all frequencies below 128 Hz.

- "LowPass": Off. This knob attenuates high frequencies above the chosen frequency. I'm not concerned with it here, so I didn't enable it.

- "Pan": 10% left

- "Volume": set to 0.050, a very low value because the X50 head with these settings sends a very high volume to the cabinet. To avoid unwanted digital clipping, I had to set this volume very low. The plugin's Master volume is also set very low, at 0.1.

- Second impulse:

- I chose an impulse taken at the speaker's cap edge with a Shure SM57 mic placed as close as possible to the grill.

- "Phase": Norm

- "Delay": 0 ms

- "HighPass": 123 Hz

- "LowPass": Off

- "Pan": 30% left

- "Volume": 0.050

- The blend of these two impulses makes up the sound of rhythm guitar 1.
LeCab 2 Plugin
LeCab 2 Plugin
LeCab 2 Plugin
LeCab 2 Plugin

Equalization

Here is the sound of lead guitar 1 processed with an amp, a cabinet, and reverb (in that order) before equalization...


(mp3 file)


And after equalization:


(mp3 file)

The sound of lead guitar 1 will then be sent to the Lead Guitar bus, where it will join the sound of lead guitar 2.

Now we need to sculpt the sound of lead guitar 1 so it fits as well as possible in the mix. I used the TrackPlug plugin from Wave Arts, an excellent paid parametric EQ. As an alternative, you can use Cockos ReaEQ, a free parametric equalizer that allows you to EQ the sound in much the same way as TrackPlug, though it is slightly less feature-rich for certain tasks.

Here are the settings used with the Wave Arts TrackPlug plugin:

- I placed a HighPass band at 200 Hz (red dot) to start rolling off low frequencies from that point.

- However, I boosted 3.02 KHz by 3 dB with a 2-octave width (yellow dot) to better bring out the guitar's mid-range.

- No compression is applied to this guitar for now. A slight boost will be added using a limiter on the Lead Guitar bus.
TrackPlug Plugin
TrackPlug Plugin
Lead guitar 1 frequencies
Lead guitar 1 frequencies
Mixing in practice : Preparing the session | Bass | Drums | Rhythm guitars | Lead guitars | Synths | Vocals | Mastering
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LEAD GUITAR 2

Raw Sound - Amp Head Simulator - Cabinet Simulator - Equalization

Mono audio track
Panning: 90% right
Volume: Variable, as I applied volume automation. From bar 1 to bar 11, the track volume is at -9 dB. From bar 11 to bar 13, I applied a slow exponential curve that rises to 0 dB. The track volume then remains constant at 0 dB. The goal here is to produce a volume swell (fade-in) to create tension and an "announcement" effect. Heads up—the intro is ending, something new is about to happen!
Life - Lead guitar 2 volume automation
Lead guitar 2 volume automation

The plugins used are chained in this order: amp head simulator, cabinet simulator, parametric equalizer.

Lead Guitar 2 Raw Sound

Here is the sound of lead guitar 2 before applying any processing


(mp3 file)

Amp Head Simulator

Here is the sound of lead guitar 2 passing through an amp head simulator


(mp3 file)

As with real hardware, this sound isn't enough on its own; the signal needs to pass through a cabinet.

I'm adding an amp head simulator. I chose the Harmony plugin by Simple VST, as its tone complements lead guitar 1 very well. It is available for download here.

Here are the settings used with the Simple VST Harmony plugin (see screenshot below). To complete the sound of this amp simulator, we still need to add a cabinet simulator:
Harmony Plugin
Harmony Plugin
Harmony Plugin
Harmony Plugin

Cabinet Simulator

Here is the sound of lead guitar 2 passing through an amp head simulator and a cabinet


(mp3 file)

This sound could stand on its own, but it's very dry. We still need to add a bit of reverb.

Just like with real gear, the amp head (simulated by the Harmony plugin) must now be connected to a cabinet. We will use the free LeCab 2 plugin by Poulin, into which we will load impulses. Impulses are "sonic fingerprints" of real cabinets. LeCab 2 allows you to load up to 6 impulses simultaneously. I only used 2 impulses for this part, so the screenshot below shows only 2 of the 6 available slots. If you wish to download free impulses, you can find some on this page of my site, though they are a bit unorganized... feel free to search for the impulses you need or find others on the web.

Here are the settings used with the Poulin LeCab 2 plugin:

- I used RedWirez impulses, a high-quality paid collection. For lead guitar 2, I used impulses from a Peavey 5150 cabinet equipped with Celestion Sheffield speakers (the real model is no longer in production but weighs nearly 45 kg!).

- First impulse:

- I chose an impulse taken at the speaker's cap edge with a Royer R-121 mic placed 4" (about 10 cm) from the grill.

- "Phase": Norm (normal). You can choose normal or inverted phase. This can be used to fix phase issues between different impulses or, combined with "delay," to produce special effects that play on the interaction between different impulses.

- "Delay": 0 ms. This knob is used to delay the playback of the sound using this impulse (between 0 and 4.6 ms). I don't need it here, so I left it at 0 ms.

- "HighPass": 128 Hz. I set this parameter to attenuate all frequencies below 128 Hz.

- "LowPass": Off. This knob attenuates high frequencies beyond the chosen frequency. I'm not using it here, so it remains inactive.

- "Pan": 10% right

- "Volume": Set to 0.050, a very low volume, but the plugin's Master volume is set to 1. Given the volume coming from the amp head, this is sufficient here.

- Second impulse:

- I chose an impulse taken at the center of the speaker's dome (cap) with a Shure SM57 mic placed against the grill.

- "Phase": Norm

- "Delay": 0 ms

- "HighPass": 128 Hz

- "LowPass": Off

- "Pan": 30% right

- "Volume": 0.050

- The blend of these two impulses makes up the sound of lead guitar 2.
LeCab 2 Plugin
LeCab 2 Plugin
LeCab 2 Plugin
LeCab 2 Plugin

Equalization

Here is the sound of lead guitar 2 processed with an amp, a cabinet, and reverb (in that order) before equalization...


(mp3 file)


And after equalization


(mp3 file)

The sound of lead guitar 2 will then be sent to the Lead Guitar bus, where it will join lead guitar 1.

Now we need to sculpt the sound of lead guitar 2 so it sits perfectly in the mix. On this track, I used the TrackPlug plugin from Wave Arts, an excellent paid EQ plugin. As an alternative, you can download Cockos ReaEQ, a free parametric equalizer that works much like TrackPlug, though it’s slightly less comprehensive for certain adjustments.

Here are the settings used with the Wave Arts TrackPlug plugin:

- I placed a HighPass band at 200 Hz (red dot) to start rolling off the low frequencies. You can see further down in the frequency analyzer screenshot that the volume drops rapidly below this frequency, dying out completely around 120 Hz.

- I boosted 3.75 KHz by 3 dB (yellow dot) to help the guitar's mid-range stand out.

- No compression is applied to this guitar for now. A slight boost will be added using a limiter on the Lead Guitar bus.
TrackPlug Plugin
TrackPlug Plugin
Lead guitar 2 frequencies
Lead guitar 2 frequencies
Mixing in practice : Preparing the session | Bass | Drums | Rhythm guitars | Lead guitars | Synths | Vocals | Mastering
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LEAD GUITARS BUS

Here is the sound of the two lead guitars without the limiter...


(mp3 file)


And with the limiter


(mp3 file)

This stereo bus is where the sounds from both lead guitar tracks are summed. Here, I'm using the FinalPlug plugin by Wave Arts, a paid brickwall limiter that boosts the signal to make the guitars more prominent in the track. A brickwall limiter is a type of compressor that prevents the signal from exceeding a set level. If poorly adjusted (with too much compression), it can squash the sound and even cause distortion. When set correctly, it simply adds more "punch" to the audio. As an alternative, you can use George Yohng's W1 Limiter (shown here with the BetaBugsAudio interface), an excellent free limiter available for download here.

Here are the settings used with the Wave Arts FinalPlug plugin:

- "Threshold": -2 dB. The threshold is the level at which compression triggers to boost the signal. The -2 dB value chosen here is quite subtle, only boosting the signal by a maximum of 2 dB. The free Classic Master Limiter offers only this single adjustment, allowing you to set the threshold between -20 and 0 dB.

- "Ceiling": 0 dB. The ceiling is the maximum level the sound cannot exceed. In this case, any sound reaching within 2 dB of the maximum allowed bus volume is boosted by 2 dB but won't cross the ceiling. A 0 dB ceiling actually corresponds to the volume of the bus (or track) where the plugin is placed. Since the bus volume is -10 dB here, the actual threshold is -12 dB, and the actual ceiling is -10 dB.

Reverb

Here is the sound of the Lead Guitar bus processed with reverb.
You can only hear the effect of the reverb itself here.


(mp3 file)

I then set this reverb to 25% to achieve the desired effect.

Now that our lead guitars have passed through distortion, an amp head, and a cabinet, we'll add some "air" with a reverb plugin so the sound doesn't feel too cramped. I used WizooVerb, a plugin that hasn't been for sale for several years but still sounds great. It can still be found in the darker corners of the internet (I don't condone it, but you do as you wish), or you can use other paid or free reverb plugins. They are easy to find, and I suggest a few on this page. I commonly use SIR Convolution, which works with impulses, much like cabinet simulators. But instead of using cabinet impulses, we use room impulses recorded in various locations (from bathrooms to cathedrals, concert halls, or standard house rooms).

Here are the settings used with the WizooVerb plugin by Wizoo:

- I used the "Large Studio" preset (a versatile large recording studio). I reduced its "size" to 30% to avoid making it sound like a massive hall; the decay time is set to 1.2s and I adjusted the "Width" parameters so the reverb spreads across the stereo field. However, since the bus panning is set to 90% left, the reverb only propagates on the left side.

- The reverb amount is controlled with the "Dry/Wet" knob. At 0%, you hear no reverb at all; at 100%, you only hear the reverb without the dry signal. For lead guitar 1, it is set to 25%.

- Using reverb on a guitar is common practice. The dosage is a matter of personal preference, but too much reverb distances the instrument and can drown it in the mix.
WizooVerb Plugin
WizooVerb Plugin
- The lead guitar sound is now finalized for the mix. It will only be modified further during the final mastering stage.
FinalPlug Plugin
FinalPlug Plugin
W1 Limiter Plugin
W1 Limiter Plugin
Mixing in practice : Preparing the session | Bass | Drums | Rhythm guitars | Lead guitars | Synths | Vocals | Mastering
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MESSAGES

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zico73
le 13/07/2011 à 21h29

Excellent site !!
J'ai beaucoup appris en lisant tout ceci.
Merci beaucoup !
Je vais essayer d'appliquer maintenant mais je pense que je reviendrai vers toi pour te poser quelques questions car il y a des choses que je n'ai pas bien saisies et qui méritent d’être éclaircies.
Bonne continuation. Musicalement,

Christophe

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

<em>Content que ça puisse aider. À bientôt !

Grebz</em>



Ghis
le 16/06/2011 à 22h49

Hello !

C'est en cherchant un moyen d'utiliser mon ampli comme enceinte à relier à un ordi que j'ai trouvé ce site. Il m'a l'air très sympa et je le regarderai plus sérieusement pour faire des enregistrements moi-même (le pied !) plus tard.
Pour l'heure les études m’empêchent de m'y mettre à fond et l'on m'a confié la dure mission de résoudre un problème de sono pour une fête qui arrive début juillet (l'anniversaire de ma môman).

j'aurai donc juste une question (qui semblera insolente si la réponse se trouve bien évidemment sur ce site - mille excuses d'avance) : peut-on utiliser l'ampli (j'ai un Behringer V-amp combo) en simple baffle relié à un ordinateur tout bête à l'aide d'un simple câble. Et si oui... quel câble !!?

En remerciant d'avance pour la réponse et sinon bonne continuation.

Ghis

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

<em>Bonjour et bienvenue,

A priori, tu devrais pouvoir y arriver en reliant la sortie casque de ton PC et une entrée auxiliaire sur ton ampli. En espérant qu'il y a bien une entrée "Aux" sur l'ampli. À l'arrière probablement. C'est sans doute une prise jack.

Il te faudrait idéalement un câble mini-jack stéréo / jack stéréo. (prise de type casque baladeur à un bout et gros jack à l'autre) MAIS on ne trouve que des câbles mini-jack stéréo vers double jack mono (un embout d'un côté, et deux embouts de l'autre), donc à moins d'avoir 2 entrées Aux Left et Right sur ton ampli, tu n'auras que la moitié du son.

Et honnêtement, je ne suis pas sûr que tu obtiennes un bon résultat. Les amplis guitare n'ont pas vraiment un son génial si tu y branches autre chose qu'une guitare. De la musique là-dedans, ça risque d'être assez moche.
Et si l'ampli est mono, la musique sortira en mono également. Un peu dommage si tu as prévu de faire danser les gens par exemple.

Bref, si tu as la prise qu'il faut sur ton ampli, c'est faisable, mais le résultat ne sera sans doute pas à la hauteur de tes espérances.

Il vaudrait mieux un ampli hifi et des enceintes hifi, bien sûr. Fais un essai. Un câble mini-jack / jack, ça doit coûter une poignée d'euros. Dans tous les cas, inutile de prendre un câble cher, un câble sans marque fera l'affaire, c'est pas de la haute fidélité.

Grebz</em>



LARYCRAFT
le 10/05/2011 à 04h39

Merci pour ce site très bien conçu, une mine d'or pour les maoistes en mal de conseils.

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

<em>Merci beaucoup !
Ouais, Mao et moi, on est comme les doigts de la main :-)

Grebz</em>



morgan75
le 07/05/2011 à 18h51

Rebonjour,

Je viens de prendre connaissance de ton message. Donc si j'ai bien compris, l'nterface audio M-Audio livrée avec ProTools sera suffisante pour enregistrer quelques pistes de guitare ?

Je te remercie de tes réponses.

Amicalement,

Morgan

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

<em>Oui, c'est bien ça. Le seul point négatif, c'est ProTools. Attention, ProTools est un outil connu et reconnu, je ne le dénigre pas du tout, mais je ne suis pas sûr qu'il sache utiliser de base (c'est à dire sans une extension spéciale, probablement payante) tous les plugins au format VST, comme ceux dont je parle sur mon site. Toutefois, je n'en suis pas certain, mais c'est un point à vérifier absolument.

Le format d'extension de ProTools, c'est le RTAS. Or, les RTAS gratuits sont bien moins répandus que les VST gratuits. C'est un point très important à considérer, à moins que tu ne sois prêt à dépenser pas mal d'argent en plugins.

Comme je l'ai dit, pour avoir un bon séquenceur pas cher, il y a <a href="http://www.reaper.fm/" target="_blank">Reaper</a> (40 dollars, soit moins de 30 euros), mais on peut le télécharger et l'utiliser 30 jours gratuitement. Après, l'utilisateur est prié de passer à la caisse, mais le logiciel continue d'être fonctionnel. À chacun de choisir de payer ou non, donc, mais si le logiciel convient, il est honnête de payer, surtout à ce prix-là. C'est à mon avis un bon choix. C'est en tout cas bien moins cher que Cubase ou Sonar.

Quoi qu'il en soit, la carte M-Audio, que tu te serves ou non de ProTools, est un bon choix. Il y a mieux, mais c'est plus cher et pas forcément utile pour commencer.

Bons enregistrements à toi !

Grebz</em>



morgan75
le 01/05/2011 à 16h10

Hey !

J'aimerais avoir un petit renseignement : comment relier mon ampli de guitare (marshall 15 watts mg fx ) à un ordi ? Faut-il un matériel spécial ? Je pensais à <a href="http://www.sonovente.com/m-audio-mobilepre-mkii-cartes-son-interfaces-p26091.htm" target="_blank">cela</a>, vendu avec le logiciel Protools ! Que faire ? Je souhaiterais enregistrer quelques morceaux... Merci de ton aide !
Cordialement,

Morgan

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

<em>Bonjour,

L'équipement que tu indiques est une interface audio, c'est à dire une carte son. Mais ces interfaces audio, contrairement aux habituelles cartes son intégrées dans les PC, permettent d'obtenir une meilleure qualité de son, de diminuer la latence, et aussi de brancher des prises micro (format XLR) ou instruments (format jack). La latence, pour simplifier, c'est un retard qui se produit entre le moment où tu joues ta note sur un instrument, et le moment où tu l'entends dans les enceintes reliées à l'ordinateur. Cette latence est très gênante lors de l'enregistrement. Pour enregistrer une voix ou un instrument dans de bonnes conditions, une interface audio de qualité correcte est indispensable. J'en cite quelques-unes <a href="http://www.grebz.fr/musique_homestudio_tutorial_required_2.php#interface" target="_blank">ici</a>. M-Audio est plutôt une bonne marque, a priori, pas de souci.

Pour enregistrer une guitare,voilà ce qui tu as comme solutions :

1 - Enregistrer en direct : tu branches ton jack de guitare dans ton interface audio. L'interface contient un préampli de plus ou moins bonne qualité selon l'interface utilisée, qui permet d'amplifier le son à un niveau correct. Ou bien ajouter un <a href="http://www.grebz.fr/musique_homestudio_tutorial_required_2.php#preamp" target="_blank">préampli</a> entre la guitare et l'interface audio pour amplifier encore plus si besoin. Mais cela veut dire que tu n'utilises pas ton ampli de guitare, et donc que tu devras ajouter des simulateurs d'ampli dans ton séquenceur. L'avantage est que c'est moins bruyant qu'un ampli de guitare.

2 - Tu branches la sortie casque de ton ampli à l'interface audio (ou préampli + interface audio) et tu enregistres donc le son qui sort de la prise casque. Je ne sais pas si le son sera génial de cette manière, mais si tu as une prise casque, ça devrait marcher.

3 - Tu achètes un micro correct et tu le places devant ton ampli. Tu joues avec ton ampli et tu branches le micro sur l'interface audio (ou préampli + interface audio). Le micro va donc enregistrer ce que tu joues. À toi de bien placer ton micro pour obtenir le son désiré. L'emplacement est très important. Il suffit de bouger le micro de quelques centimètres pour obtenir un son différent. Tu peux d'ailleurs faire plusieurs prises en plaçant le micro différemment à chaque fois et obtenir un son plus riche en superposant les prises obtenues dans différentes pistes du séquenceur. Un bon micro pour commencer, pas trop cher pour enregistrer un ampli de guitare, c'est le <a href="http://www.grebz.fr/musique_homestudio_tutorial_required_2.php#microphone" target="_blank">Shure SM57</a>.

Enfin, pour le séquenceur, ProTools est un bon logiciel, très réputé (et que je n'aime pas trop à titre personnel, mais bon... on s'en fout). S'il est fourni (sans doute dans une version "light") avec l'interface audio, ça fait toujours ça de moins à acheter. Sinon, tu as Reaper, très bon logiciel pas très cher. Après, tu as Sonar ou Cubase, par exemple, qui fonctionnent tous sur les mêmes principes, mais ces logiciels ne sont pas donnés.

Grebz</em>

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